On February 22, 2018, UreaKnowHow.com and KEY-TECH Engineering did present at the FAI Training Programme for Senior Maintenance Engineers in Fertilizer Industry organised from 18-23 February 2018 in Surat, Gujarat, India. The Training Program was well attended by more than 35 participants from most ammonia/urea complexes in India. The topic of the presentation was “Assuring Safe and Reliable High Pressure Urea Equipment”. For an existing urea reactor this can be achieved by:...click here for more information.
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The Nitrogen Fertilizer Plants Overview is online
We have now introduced a complete worldwide Nitrogen Fertilizer Plants Overview consisting of urea, ammonia, nitric acid and nitrates plants including many details of the plants. The Nitrogen Fertilizer Plants Overview is accessible for all its Members.
Go to Nitrogen Fertilizer Plants Overview
UreaKnowHow.com compiles all Urea Plant Safety Information on one webpage
Ammonia-KnowHow.com and Urea-KnowHow.com communities are engaged in improving the Safety and Reliability of all Nitrogen Fertilizer Plants worldwide. Now you will find all our collected Safety Information for Urea Plants at one location: Incidents Databases, Safety Risk Registers, hand outs and videos of presentations during the AICHE Ammonia Safety Conferences, safety and reliability innovations of our Solution Providers and numerous other related documents, free for you to use for you and your colleagues benefit. Click here to have a look.
UreaKnowHow.com presents at 33rd AFA Technical Conference
UreaKnowHow.com presents at the 33rd AFA Technical Conference on 2-4 November 2021 - Sharm El Sheikh, about the topic “The #1 Safeguard for Any Urea Plant”
Brochure : https://lnkd.in/gKtrzbCD
Registration : https://lnkd.in/gseAAv8e
The UreaKnowHow.com Fertilizer Training Program
The Urea-Know-How.com Fertilizer Training Program is a 2-Day Training Program designed for Engineers and Managers, Marketing and Business Development Managers and Safety, Health and Environmental Managers. You will learn about the various types of fertilizers, the various fertilizer production technologies and fertilizer finishing technologies with its pros and conts, the role of fertilizers, the market trends and players in the fertilizer business, how your products and services fit in the fertilizer market and the hazards of the various fertilizers and fertilizer production technologies. The UreaKnowHow.com Fertilizer Training modules will also be part of the Fertilizer Academy. Click here to find out all details
UreaKnowHow.com presents at LRSV 2021
At LRVS 2021, we will be presenting on, “Safety Incidents with High Pressure Rotating Equipment in Urea Plants”.
Here’s what to expect: This paper elaborates the most critical safety incidents including its prevention and mitigation measures.
To minimize / avoid incidents that do repeat, we recommend making use of the Center for Chemical Process Safety: Risk Based Process Safety Management approach.
Also proper attention must be paid to the right design, fabrication, installation, inspection, repair and operational procedures. Involve experienced and knowledgeable urea experts as owner’s engineers in your projects and training programs.
Treat safety and reliability as your number one priority.
Remember, LRVS2021 will be taking place from the 14-15th September!
For the video click here
UreaKnowHow.com presents at AIChE Ammonia Safety 2021 Virtual Conference
A century of ammonia synthesis technology - with an emphasis on continual progress in ammonia plant safety - is the theme of AIChE's 65th Annual Safety in Ammonia Plants and Related Facilities Symposium on - . Experts from around the world will discuss the latest advances related to the safe production and use of ammonia, case studies, and lessons learned. UreaKnowHow.com will present a paper with the title: The #1 Safeguard for Any Urea Plant. As of January 2021, UreaKnowHow.com has collected and analyzed more than 135 serious urea incidents. Based on this analysis, what is the most important, or the number one, safeguard, for any urea plant? It is the leak detection system for loose liners of the high-pressure equipment. In just two recent years (2018 and 2019), at least six serious incidents have occurred whereby the available leak detection system failed! It is really a miracle no casualties were involved. This paper explains why a proper leak detection system for loose liners of high-pressure equipment is crucial. This paper also explains why most existing systems are not acceptable anymore by illustrating their shortcomings in several incidents. The paper will conclude with how a modern state-of-the-art leak detection system, The #1 Safeguard for Any Urea Plant, should be designed. The goal of this paper is to convince urea plant owners to upgrade existing leak detection systems to state of the art standards and improve the safety and reliability level in our industry. For the video click here
How a vacuum system is able to detect clogging in the tubing ?
When talking about active leak detection systems, one can distinguish a pressurized system, in which an inert carrier gas stream flows through the leak detection circuits and a vacuum based system, where one pulls vacuum pressure behind the liner. All liner compartments are connected in a logical and economical manner via tubing to the ammonia analyzer.
In a pressurized system a flow indicator should be installed to detect clogging.
In a vacuum system vacuum pressure exists in the complete leak detection system; the achieved vacuum pressure is a result of the capacity of the vacuum pump and the amount of ambient air leaking in via the tubing connections. It is unavoidable that some ambient air will enter into the system.
Once a clogging does occur somewhere in a section, the part between the clogging and the vacuum pump / ammonia analyzer will remain under vacuum pressure and under detection. However, the part between the atmospheric ball valve and the clogging will rise in pressure until atmospheric pressures has been reached. This allows for a detection of clogging also in a vacuum system as described below ...
What is reason #7 to choose for a vacuum system ?
We recommend to use a vacuum based leak detection system for several important reasons:
Reason #1: No risk of liner bulging (refer to FAQ 6)
Reason #2: Direct coverage of the complete carbon steel surface of a compartment (refer to FAQ 7)
Reason #3: A vacuum system is less prone to clogging (refer to FAQ 9)
Reason #4: A vacuum system does not restrict the leaking flow and does not built-up pressure or introduces risks for backflow (refer to FAQ 10)
Reason #5: A vacuum system also works when there is only one leak detection hole in a liner compartment (refer to FAQ 11)
Reason #6: A vacuum system also works when there are clogged grooves or no grooves (refer to FAQ 12)
Reason #7 is: A pressurised system requires a dedicated ammonia analyser for each high pressure equipment item whereas a vacuum system needs only one ammonia analyser for all high pressure equipment items to realise the same reliability.
UreaKnowHow.com welcomes SULVARIS as our Sponsor
A Revolutionary AgriTech Company
Focused on crop input technologies for the future of sustainable and regenerative agriculture, with the goal of contributing to global ESG initiatives.
- Sulvaris has successfully developed and commercialized its leading enhanced efficiency Micronized Sulphur Technology (MST®) with Nutrien, the largest global fertilizer producer and retailer.
- Sulvaris is also currently developing its disruptive carbon technology platform, which is focused on carbon capture combined with a high-performance crop nutrient delivery mechanism aiming to provide farmers with superior crop yields, return on investment, and environmental stewardship.
- Sulvaris has commercialised the technology to produce MAP+MST® with Nutrien being marketed as SmartNutritienTM
Urea + Micronized Sulphur Technology (MST®) is a proprietary patented technology that economically micronizes elemental sulphur to less than 10-micron average size. Click here to read more.
What is reason #6 to choose for a vacuum system ?
High pressure urea equipment consists of a carbon steel pressure bearing wall, which is protected against corrosion by a protective layer. This protective layer is typically an overlay welding or a loose liner. Any leak in a loose liner will lead to a dangerous situation in that a large surface of the carbon steel pressure bearing wall underneath the leaking loose liner compartment will be exposed to the extremely corrosive ammonium carbamate. Experience has shown that ammonium carbamate can corrode carbon steels with very high corrosion rates up to 1,000 mm (40 inch) per year.
When talking about active leak detection systems, one can distinguish a pressurized system, in which an inert carrier gas stream flows through the leak detection circuits and a vacuum based system, where one pulls vacuum pressure behind the liner (refer to FAQ 5)
It is a real challenge to avoid clogging as urea easily crystallises at any temperature even above its melting point due to its polymerisation behaviour forming biuret, triuret etc. with high melting points. This is the main reason that we strongly recommend to upgrade any passive leak detection system (FAQ 3).
We recommend to use a vacuum based leak detection system for several important reasons:
Reason #1: No risk of liner bulging (refer to FAQ 6)
Reason #2: Direct coverage of the complete carbon steel surface of a compartment (refer to FAQ 7)
Reason #3: A vacuum system is less prone to clogging (refer to FAQ 9)
Reason #4: A vacuum system does not restrict the leaking flow and does not built-up pressure or introduces risks for backflow (refer to FAQ 10)
Reason #5: A vacuum system also works when there is only one leak detection hole in a liner compartment (refer to FAQ 11)
Reason #6 is: A vacuum system also works when there are clogged grooves or no grooves.
But why is that ?
UreaKnowHow.com welcomes SPRANA as our Sponsor
SPRANA provides Process Analytical Technology solutions for on-line/in-line/at-line analysis and monitoring of industrial processes based on Machine Vision and Applied Spectroscopy. Automatic defect inspection turn-key systems (Hardware and Software).
The state of the art solution for on-line analysis of the composition of Urea Ammonium Nitrate.
NIRSpec UAN analyzer can measure not only the concentrations of the main UAN components: Urea, Ammonium Nitrate and Water, but also the concentration of the unwanted by-product Biuret, which is becoming an increasingly important quality parameter of UAN. Accurate continuous/real-time measurements and the unique capability of measuring the concentration of Biuret enable a better control of the quality of the UAN in the production process. The analytical technology is based on the Near Infra-Red spectroscopy and the state of the art proprietary multivariate calibration. Several references are successfully in operation.
The BENEFITS are...Read more
What is reason #5 to choose for a vacuum system ?
Active leak detection systems can either be a pressurised or a vacuum system (refer to FAQ 5). We recommend to use a vacuum leak detection system for several important reasons.
Reason #1 is: No risk of liner bulging (refer to FAQ 6)
Reason #2 is: Direct coverage of the complete carbon steel surface of a compartment (refer to FAQ 7)
Reason #3 is: A vacuum system is less prone to clogging (refer to FAQ 9)
Reason #4 is: A vacuum system does not restrict the leaking flow and does not built-up pressure or introduce risks for backflow (refer to FAQ 10)
Reason #5 is: A vacuum system also works when there is only one leak detection hole in a liner compartment.
But why is that ?
What is reason #4 to choose for a vacuum system ?
Active leak detection systems can either be a pressurised or a vacuum based system (refer to FAQ 5). We recommend to use a vacuum based leak detection system for several important reasons.
Reason #1 is: No risk of liner bulging (refer to FAQ 6)
Reason #2 is: Direct coverage of the complete carbon steel surface of a compartment (refer to FAQ 7)
Reason #3 is: A vacuum system is less prone to clogging (refer to FAQ 9)
Reason #4 is: A vacuum system does not restrict the leaking flow and does not built-up pressure or introduce risks for backflow
But why is that ?
The validity of this fourth reason has been proven by Incident 19-005, details about this incident can be found via the following link:...
What is reason #3 to choose for a vacuum system ?
We recommend a vacuum based leak detection system for several reasons:
Reason #3: A vacuum system is less prone to clogging.
In case of a liner leak and operating a vacuum system, the vacuum pump of the leak detection system will pull the leaking ammonia to the ammonia analyser. After the leak detection circuit in which the leak occurs has been determined, one is able to dilute the leak in this line with air via the vacuum pump by opening the atmospheric ball valve and in that way one dilutes the leaking fluid and reduces (eliminates) the risk for clogging!
AmmoniaKnowHow.com - Online Roundtable - Corrosion Issues in Ammonia and Urea Plants: Causes, Consequences and Safeguard Solutions
On the 25th of March, AmmoniaKnowHow.com will hold a webinar to discuss corrosion issues in ammonia and urea plants. Industry experts and specialists will share their experience. Incidents and case studies will be presented together with the latest technologies for corrosion prevention and mitigation. AmmoniaKnowHow.com webinars are an opportunity for participants to get together in an interactive setting to examine issues related to operation and maintenance of ammonia and urea plants.
Amine_Experts
E2G
IGS
NTT Consultancy
UreaKnowHow.com
We are at 2000 Round Table Discussions!
UreaKnowHow.com has reached the impressive milestone of 2000 Round Table discussions. 2000 active Round Table discussion with totally more than 9500 posts or an average of 5 posts per discussion and 2-3 new posts per day. This means everybody who posts a question, for sure will get a reply making the UreaKnowHow.com Round Tables a very valuable information source and place to share experiences.
We thank all participants for their valuable contributions and support and like to highlight and thank very much the 10 most active participants:...Click here to read more
How a vacuum LDS system is able to distinguish a false indication from an ammonia cloud in the atmosphere from a real liner leak ?
High pressure urea equipment consists of a carbon steel pressure bearing wall, which is protected against corrosion by a protective stainless, titanium or duplex steel layer. This protective layer can be an overlay welding, an explosive cladded layer or a loose liner. Any leak in a loose liner will lead to a dangerous situation in that a large surface of the carbon steel pressure bearing wall underneath the leaking loose liner compartment will be exposed to the extremely corrosive ammonium carbamate. Experience has shown that ammonium carbamate can corrode carbon steels with very high corrosion rates up to 1,000 mm (40 inch) per year.
When talking about active leak detection systems, one can distinguish a pressurized system, in which an inert carrier gas stream flows through the leak detection circuits and a vacuum based system, where one pulls vacuum pressure behind the liner. We recommend a vacuum based leak detection system for several reasons.
But how can a vacuum system distinguish a false indication from for instance an ammonia cloud in the atmosphere from a liner leak ?
What is reason #2 to choose for a vacuum system?
This question 7 is in continuation of question 6 in which we started explaining why an active vacuum leak detection system is superior over an active pressurized system. Active leak detection systems can be either a pressurized system, in which an inert carrier gas stream flows through the leak detection circuits most probably only via the machined leak detection grooves present in the carbon steel and a vacuum system, where one pulls vacuum pressure underneath the liner.
We recommend a vacuum based leak detection system for several reasons:
Reason #2: Direct detection of the complete carbon steel surface
The State-Of-The-Art Ammonia Terminal
Since 100 years ago the industrial production of ammonia began for the widespread agricultural and industrial application. Safety hazards and risks have been identified and for a large extend resolved.
Nowadays ammonia is used more and more as a very efficient hydrogen energy storage, carrier and carbon free fuel. This means that more and more people will get involved with this potentially toxic substance. How will the public and the authorities react?
Are the previously known safety regulations sufficient for the storage / bunkering of ammonia?
We say no, it can be better, more safe and reliable.
What is reason #1 to choose for a vacuum system?
We recommend a vacuum based leak detection system for several reasons:
Reason #1: No risk of liner bulging
A first reason is that when using a vacuum system there will be no risk for liner bulging and damage due a to too high pressure in the leak detection system behind the liner. Be aware that the relatively large liner compartments are welded to the carbon steel pressure bearing wall. These large areas allow only a very limited pressure difference between each side of the liner.
Some vendors try to avoid this risk of bulging by switching off the leak detection system when the pressure in the synthesis section is below a certain value. In our view this is not a good solution because...
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- What is reason #3 to choose for a vacuum system ?
- AmmoniaKnowHow.com - Online Roundtable - Corrosion Issues in Ammonia and Urea Plants: Causes, Consequences and Safeguard Solutions
- We are at 2000 Round Table Discussions!
- How a vacuum LDS system is able to distinguish a false indication from an ammonia cloud in the atmosphere from a real liner leak ?
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- 600+ Participants at UreaKnowHow.com Training Programs
- CHEMAC UAN Seminar in League City Texas is scheduled for October 19-23
- UreaKnowHow.com presents at the IFS 2015 on 23&24 June in London
- Interview with Johannes Scherleitner of Geroldinger, Austria
- UreaKnowHow.com Workshop Nitrogen & Syngas Conference on 23 February 2015 in Istanbul
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- Hofung signs contract in presence of Dutch Prime Minister
- Graham Corporation to Provide $10 Million of Engineered-to-Order Equipment for Domestic Ammonia Production
- UreaKnowHow.com's Workshop at Stainless Steel World on November 13 in Maastricht
- BHDT High Pressure ZERO DEAD VOLUME Sampling Valve is now suitable for all urea technologies.
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