The global maritime industry demands in the region of 300 million tonnes of heavy fuel oil annually. Taking into account the difference in comparative energy density, this represents a potential annual demand for roughly 780 million tonnes of low-carbon ammonia fuel. In reality, this estimate can be reduced because – on certain trades and in certain segments – other fuel alternatives simply make more sense. But still, if low-carbon ammonia is to eventually provide just half of the global requirements for future shipping, we still have a herculean task ahead of us to develop sufficient supply.

However, the future of maritime ammonia is not only dependent upon massive production development, it also faces challenges associated with the financial and regulatory landscape in shipping.

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